IEEE PC57.91

Revision Standard - Active - Draft.
The contents of this guide describe the assumptions, techniques, and methods for estimating the effects of loading above nameplate of mineral-oil-immersed distribution and power transformers as well as step voltage regulators. Consequences due to loading above nameplate ratings are discussed including damage to insulation, production of gases in oil, and ultimately loss of life effects. In addition, effects of loading on auxiliary equipment are presented. Different types of loading scenarios as well as variations in ambient temperature and altitude are described. Effects due to different cooling techniques and their impacts on transformer capacity are reviewed. Transformer temperature criteria are also provided. Finally, calculation methods with and without consideration to duct oil effects are provided and with sample temperature calculations.

This guide provides recommendations for loading mineral-oil-immersed transformers and step-voltage regulators with insulation systems rated for a 65 °C average winding temperature rise at rated load. This guide applies to transformers manufactured in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.00 and tested in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.90, and step-voltage regulators manufactured and tested in accordance with IEEE Std C57.15. Because a substantial population of transformers and step-voltage regulators with insulation systems rated for 55 °C average winding temperature rise at rated load are still in service, recommendations that are specific to this equipment are also included.
Applications of loads in excess of nameplate rating involve some degree of risk. It is the purpose of this guide to identify these risks and to establish limitations and guidelines, the application of which will
minimize the risks to an acceptable level.