ICAO Doc 9157 Part 4:2021

Proper design and installation of visual aids are prerequisites for the safety of airport operations. Part 4 provides information on the characteristics of visual aids used at airports. Some of the topics covered are: functional requirements of visual ground aids; surface marking and markers; approach lighting systems; light characteristics for precision approach runways and taxiways; runway lead-in lighting systems; runway and taxiway lighting; surface movement guidance and control systems; taxiing guidance signs and obstacle lighting.