Forms

  • sylius_add_to_cart
    • cartItem
    • _token

sylius_add_to_cart

Form type:
"Sylius\Bundle\CoreBundle\Form\Type\Order\AddToCartType"

Errors

This form has no errors.

Default Data

Property Value
Model Format same as normalized format
Normalized Format
Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Controller\AddToCartCommand {#113777
  -cart: App\Entity\Order\Order {#13330 …}
  -cartItem: App\Entity\Order\OrderItem {#113765
    #id: null
    #order: null
    #quantity: 1
    #unitPrice: 0
    #originalUnitPrice: 0
    #total: 0
    #immutable: false
    #units: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#113789 …}
    #unitsTotal: 0
    #adjustments: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#113790 …}
    #adjustmentsTotal: 0
    #version: 1
    #variant: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8099
      #id: 2339
      #code: "IEEE00000642PDF"
      #product: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310
        #id: 8545
        #code: "IEEE00000642"
        #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7700 …}
        #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7743 …}
        #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7915
          #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7917 …}
          #initialized: true
          -snapshot: [ …4]
          -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
          -association: [ …21]
          -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
          -backRefFieldName: null
          -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#215176 …}
          -isDirty: false
        }
        #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7899 …}
        #createdAt: DateTime @1751037507 {#7274
          date: 2025-06-27 17:18:27.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #updatedAt: DateTime @1754606304 {#7322
          date: 2025-08-08 00:38:24.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #enabled: true
        #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7921 …}
        #translationsCache: [
          "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7920
            #locale: "en_US"
            #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
            #id: 29189
            #name: "IEEE 421.5:1992"
            #slug: "ieee-421-5-1992-ieee00000642-240197"
            #description: """
              New IEEE Standard - Superseded.<br />\n
              Superseded by IEEE Std 421.5-2005. Excitation system models suitable for use in large scale system stability studies are presented. With these models, most of the excitation systems currently in widespread use on large, system-connected synchronous machines in North America can be represented. They include updates of models published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems in 1981 as well as models for additional control features such as discontinuous excitation controls.<br />\n
              \t\t\t\t<br />\n
              When the behavior of synchronous machines is to be simulated accurately in power system stability studies, it is essential that the excitation systems of the synchronous machines be modeled in sufficient detail, see [12]. The desired models must be suitable for representing the actual excitation equipment performance for large, severe disturbances as well as for small perturbations. A 1968 IEEE Committee Report (see [6]) provided initial excitation system reference models. It established a common nomenclature, presented mathematical models for excitation systems then in common use, and defined parameters for those models. A 1981 report (see [7]) extended that work. It provided models for newer types of excitation equipment not covered previously as well as improved models for older equipment. This document, based heavily on the 1981 report, is intended to again update the models, provide models for additional control of features, and formalize those models in a recommended practice. To some extent, the model structures presented in this document are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the control loops on any particular system. In some cases, the model used may represent a substantial reduction, resulting in large differences between the structure of the model and the physical system. The excitation system models themselves do not allow for regulator modulation as a function of system frequency, an inherent characteristic of some older excitation systems. The models are valid for frequency deviations of ±5% from rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to about 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and control functions that may come into play in long term dynamic performance studies are not represented. A sample set of data (not necessarily typical) for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided in Appendix . A suffix &quot;A&quot; is used with the version of all models described in this report to differentiate them from previous models.
              """
            #metaKeywords: null
            #metaDescription: null
            #shortDescription: "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies"
            -notes: "Superseded"
          }
        ]
        #currentLocale: "en_US"
        #currentTranslation: null
        #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
        #variantSelectionMethod: "match"
        #productTaxons: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7533 …}
        #channels: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7627 …}
        #mainTaxon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxonomy\Taxon {#7311 …}
        #reviews: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7612 …}
        #averageRating: 0.0
        #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7644 …}
        -supplier: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Supplier\Supplier {#7325 …}
        -subscriptionCollections: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7389 …}
        -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1754517600 {#7317
          date: 2025-08-07 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -lastUpdatedAt: DateTime @1578006000 {#7292
          date: 2020-01-03 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -author: ""
        -publishedAt: DateTime @713397600 {#7318
          date: 1992-08-10 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -releasedAt: null
        -confirmedAt: null
        -canceledAt: null
        -edition: null
        -coreDocument: "421.5"
        -bookCollection: ""
        -pageCount: 56
        -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7464 …}
        -favorites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7499 …}
      }
      #optionValues: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8315 …}
      #position: 0
      #createdAt: DateTime @1751041118 {#7283
        date: 2025-06-27 18:18:38.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #updatedAt: DateTime @1755611955 {#8116
        date: 2025-08-19 15:59:15.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #enabled: true
      #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8259 …}
      #translationsCache: [
        "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductVariantTranslation {#93321
          #locale: "en_US"
          #translatable: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8099}
          #id: 2357
          #name: null
          -shortDescription: null
          -description: null
          -notes: null
          -shippingInformation: "Instant download"
        }
      ]
      #currentLocale: "en_US"
      #currentTranslation: null
      #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
      #version: 9
      #onHold: 0
      #onHand: 0
      #tracked: false
      #weight: 0.0
      #width: null
      #height: null
      #depth: null
      #taxCategory: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxation\TaxCategory {#8131 …}
      #shippingCategory: null
      #channelPricings: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8293 …}
      #shippingRequired: true
      #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8290 …}
      -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1753740000 {#8098
        date: 2025-07-29 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      -publishedAt: null
      -isbn: "978-0-7381-1093-6"
      -ean: "9780738110936"
      -numberOfUsers: 1
      -physicalProduct: false
      -downloadableImmediately: true
      -downloadable: true
      -drmViewerUrl: "https://online-viewer.normadoc.com/d7PCmd"
      -sellable: true
      -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8127 …}
      -drmTokens: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8119 …}
      -enabledForSubscribers: true
      -currentAreaContext: null
    }
    #productName: null
    #variantName: null
  }
}
View Format same as normalized format

Submitted Data

This form was not submitted.

Passed Options

Option Passed Value Resolved Value
data
Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Controller\AddToCartCommand {#113777
  -cart: App\Entity\Order\Order {#13330 …}
  -cartItem: App\Entity\Order\OrderItem {#113765
    #id: null
    #order: null
    #quantity: 1
    #unitPrice: 0
    #originalUnitPrice: 0
    #total: 0
    #immutable: false
    #units: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#113789 …}
    #unitsTotal: 0
    #adjustments: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#113790 …}
    #adjustmentsTotal: 0
    #version: 1
    #variant: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8099
      #id: 2339
      #code: "IEEE00000642PDF"
      #product: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310
        #id: 8545
        #code: "IEEE00000642"
        #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7700 …}
        #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7743 …}
        #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7915
          #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7917 …}
          #initialized: true
          -snapshot: [ …4]
          -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
          -association: [ …21]
          -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
          -backRefFieldName: null
          -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#215176 …}
          -isDirty: false
        }
        #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7899 …}
        #createdAt: DateTime @1751037507 {#7274
          date: 2025-06-27 17:18:27.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #updatedAt: DateTime @1754606304 {#7322
          date: 2025-08-08 00:38:24.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #enabled: true
        #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7921 …}
        #translationsCache: [
          "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7920
            #locale: "en_US"
            #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
            #id: 29189
            #name: "IEEE 421.5:1992"
            #slug: "ieee-421-5-1992-ieee00000642-240197"
            #description: """
              New IEEE Standard - Superseded.<br />\n
              Superseded by IEEE Std 421.5-2005. Excitation system models suitable for use in large scale system stability studies are presented. With these models, most of the excitation systems currently in widespread use on large, system-connected synchronous machines in North America can be represented. They include updates of models published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems in 1981 as well as models for additional control features such as discontinuous excitation controls.<br />\n
              \t\t\t\t<br />\n
              When the behavior of synchronous machines is to be simulated accurately in power system stability studies, it is essential that the excitation systems of the synchronous machines be modeled in sufficient detail, see [12]. The desired models must be suitable for representing the actual excitation equipment performance for large, severe disturbances as well as for small perturbations. A 1968 IEEE Committee Report (see [6]) provided initial excitation system reference models. It established a common nomenclature, presented mathematical models for excitation systems then in common use, and defined parameters for those models. A 1981 report (see [7]) extended that work. It provided models for newer types of excitation equipment not covered previously as well as improved models for older equipment. This document, based heavily on the 1981 report, is intended to again update the models, provide models for additional control of features, and formalize those models in a recommended practice. To some extent, the model structures presented in this document are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the control loops on any particular system. In some cases, the model used may represent a substantial reduction, resulting in large differences between the structure of the model and the physical system. The excitation system models themselves do not allow for regulator modulation as a function of system frequency, an inherent characteristic of some older excitation systems. The models are valid for frequency deviations of ±5% from rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to about 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and control functions that may come into play in long term dynamic performance studies are not represented. A sample set of data (not necessarily typical) for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided in Appendix . A suffix &quot;A&quot; is used with the version of all models described in this report to differentiate them from previous models.
              """
            #metaKeywords: null
            #metaDescription: null
            #shortDescription: "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies"
            -notes: "Superseded"
          }
        ]
        #currentLocale: "en_US"
        #currentTranslation: null
        #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
        #variantSelectionMethod: "match"
        #productTaxons: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7533 …}
        #channels: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7627 …}
        #mainTaxon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxonomy\Taxon {#7311 …}
        #reviews: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7612 …}
        #averageRating: 0.0
        #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7644 …}
        -supplier: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Supplier\Supplier {#7325 …}
        -subscriptionCollections: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7389 …}
        -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1754517600 {#7317
          date: 2025-08-07 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -lastUpdatedAt: DateTime @1578006000 {#7292
          date: 2020-01-03 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -author: ""
        -publishedAt: DateTime @713397600 {#7318
          date: 1992-08-10 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -releasedAt: null
        -confirmedAt: null
        -canceledAt: null
        -edition: null
        -coreDocument: "421.5"
        -bookCollection: ""
        -pageCount: 56
        -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7464 …}
        -favorites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7499 …}
      }
      #optionValues: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8315 …}
      #position: 0
      #createdAt: DateTime @1751041118 {#7283
        date: 2025-06-27 18:18:38.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #updatedAt: DateTime @1755611955 {#8116
        date: 2025-08-19 15:59:15.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #enabled: true
      #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8259 …}
      #translationsCache: [
        "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductVariantTranslation {#93321
          #locale: "en_US"
          #translatable: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8099}
          #id: 2357
          #name: null
          -shortDescription: null
          -description: null
          -notes: null
          -shippingInformation: "Instant download"
        }
      ]
      #currentLocale: "en_US"
      #currentTranslation: null
      #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
      #version: 9
      #onHold: 0
      #onHand: 0
      #tracked: false
      #weight: 0.0
      #width: null
      #height: null
      #depth: null
      #taxCategory: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxation\TaxCategory {#8131 …}
      #shippingCategory: null
      #channelPricings: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8293 …}
      #shippingRequired: true
      #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8290 …}
      -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1753740000 {#8098
        date: 2025-07-29 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      -publishedAt: null
      -isbn: "978-0-7381-1093-6"
      -ean: "9780738110936"
      -numberOfUsers: 1
      -physicalProduct: false
      -downloadableImmediately: true
      -downloadable: true
      -drmViewerUrl: "https://online-viewer.normadoc.com/d7PCmd"
      -sellable: true
      -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8127 …}
      -drmTokens: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8119 …}
      -enabledForSubscribers: true
      -currentAreaContext: null
    }
    #productName: null
    #variantName: null
  }
}
same as passed value
product
App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310
  #id: 8545
  #code: "IEEE00000642"
  #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7700 …}
  #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7743 …}
  #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7915
    #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7917 …}
    #initialized: true
    -snapshot: [ …4]
    -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
    -association: [ …21]
    -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
    -backRefFieldName: null
    -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#215176 …}
    -isDirty: false
  }
  #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7899 …}
  #createdAt: DateTime @1751037507 {#7274
    date: 2025-06-27 17:18:27.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  #updatedAt: DateTime @1754606304 {#7322
    date: 2025-08-08 00:38:24.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  #enabled: true
  #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7921 …}
  #translationsCache: [
    "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7920
      #locale: "en_US"
      #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
      #id: 29189
      #name: "IEEE 421.5:1992"
      #slug: "ieee-421-5-1992-ieee00000642-240197"
      #description: """
        New IEEE Standard - Superseded.<br />\n
        Superseded by IEEE Std 421.5-2005. Excitation system models suitable for use in large scale system stability studies are presented. With these models, most of the excitation systems currently in widespread use on large, system-connected synchronous machines in North America can be represented. They include updates of models published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems in 1981 as well as models for additional control features such as discontinuous excitation controls.<br />\n
        \t\t\t\t<br />\n
        When the behavior of synchronous machines is to be simulated accurately in power system stability studies, it is essential that the excitation systems of the synchronous machines be modeled in sufficient detail, see [12]. The desired models must be suitable for representing the actual excitation equipment performance for large, severe disturbances as well as for small perturbations. A 1968 IEEE Committee Report (see [6]) provided initial excitation system reference models. It established a common nomenclature, presented mathematical models for excitation systems then in common use, and defined parameters for those models. A 1981 report (see [7]) extended that work. It provided models for newer types of excitation equipment not covered previously as well as improved models for older equipment. This document, based heavily on the 1981 report, is intended to again update the models, provide models for additional control of features, and formalize those models in a recommended practice. To some extent, the model structures presented in this document are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the control loops on any particular system. In some cases, the model used may represent a substantial reduction, resulting in large differences between the structure of the model and the physical system. The excitation system models themselves do not allow for regulator modulation as a function of system frequency, an inherent characteristic of some older excitation systems. The models are valid for frequency deviations of ±5% from rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to about 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and control functions that may come into play in long term dynamic performance studies are not represented. A sample set of data (not necessarily typical) for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided in Appendix . A suffix &quot;A&quot; is used with the version of all models described in this report to differentiate them from previous models.
        """
      #metaKeywords: null
      #metaDescription: null
      #shortDescription: "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies"
      -notes: "Superseded"
    }
  ]
  #currentLocale: "en_US"
  #currentTranslation: null
  #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
  #variantSelectionMethod: "match"
  #productTaxons: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7533 …}
  #channels: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7627 …}
  #mainTaxon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxonomy\Taxon {#7311 …}
  #reviews: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7612 …}
  #averageRating: 0.0
  #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7644 …}
  -supplier: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Supplier\Supplier {#7325 …}
  -subscriptionCollections: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7389 …}
  -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1754517600 {#7317
    date: 2025-08-07 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  -lastUpdatedAt: DateTime @1578006000 {#7292
    date: 2020-01-03 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
  }
  -author: ""
  -publishedAt: DateTime @713397600 {#7318
    date: 1992-08-10 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  -releasedAt: null
  -confirmedAt: null
  -canceledAt: null
  -edition: null
  -coreDocument: "421.5"
  -bookCollection: ""
  -pageCount: 56
  -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7464 …}
  -favorites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7499 …}
}
same as passed value

Resolved Options

Option Value
action
""
allow_extra_fields
false
allow_file_upload
false
attr
[]
attr_translation_parameters
[]
auto_initialize
true
block_name
null
block_prefix
null
by_reference
true
compound
true
constraints
[]
csrf_field_name
"_token"
csrf_message
"The CSRF token is invalid. Please try to resubmit the form."
csrf_protection
true
csrf_token_id
null
csrf_token_manager
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#113797
  -generator: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenGenerator\UriSafeTokenGenerator {#113798 …}
  -storage: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage {#113799 …}
  -namespace: Closure() {#113801 …}
}
data
Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Controller\AddToCartCommand {#113777
  -cart: App\Entity\Order\Order {#13330 …}
  -cartItem: App\Entity\Order\OrderItem {#113765
    #id: null
    #order: null
    #quantity: 1
    #unitPrice: 0
    #originalUnitPrice: 0
    #total: 0
    #immutable: false
    #units: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#113789 …}
    #unitsTotal: 0
    #adjustments: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#113790 …}
    #adjustmentsTotal: 0
    #version: 1
    #variant: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8099
      #id: 2339
      #code: "IEEE00000642PDF"
      #product: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310
        #id: 8545
        #code: "IEEE00000642"
        #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7700 …}
        #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7743 …}
        #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7915
          #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7917 …}
          #initialized: true
          -snapshot: [ …4]
          -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
          -association: [ …21]
          -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
          -backRefFieldName: null
          -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#215176 …}
          -isDirty: false
        }
        #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7899 …}
        #createdAt: DateTime @1751037507 {#7274
          date: 2025-06-27 17:18:27.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #updatedAt: DateTime @1754606304 {#7322
          date: 2025-08-08 00:38:24.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #enabled: true
        #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7921 …}
        #translationsCache: [
          "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7920
            #locale: "en_US"
            #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
            #id: 29189
            #name: "IEEE 421.5:1992"
            #slug: "ieee-421-5-1992-ieee00000642-240197"
            #description: """
              New IEEE Standard - Superseded.<br />\n
              Superseded by IEEE Std 421.5-2005. Excitation system models suitable for use in large scale system stability studies are presented. With these models, most of the excitation systems currently in widespread use on large, system-connected synchronous machines in North America can be represented. They include updates of models published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems in 1981 as well as models for additional control features such as discontinuous excitation controls.<br />\n
              \t\t\t\t<br />\n
              When the behavior of synchronous machines is to be simulated accurately in power system stability studies, it is essential that the excitation systems of the synchronous machines be modeled in sufficient detail, see [12]. The desired models must be suitable for representing the actual excitation equipment performance for large, severe disturbances as well as for small perturbations. A 1968 IEEE Committee Report (see [6]) provided initial excitation system reference models. It established a common nomenclature, presented mathematical models for excitation systems then in common use, and defined parameters for those models. A 1981 report (see [7]) extended that work. It provided models for newer types of excitation equipment not covered previously as well as improved models for older equipment. This document, based heavily on the 1981 report, is intended to again update the models, provide models for additional control of features, and formalize those models in a recommended practice. To some extent, the model structures presented in this document are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the control loops on any particular system. In some cases, the model used may represent a substantial reduction, resulting in large differences between the structure of the model and the physical system. The excitation system models themselves do not allow for regulator modulation as a function of system frequency, an inherent characteristic of some older excitation systems. The models are valid for frequency deviations of ±5% from rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to about 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and control functions that may come into play in long term dynamic performance studies are not represented. A sample set of data (not necessarily typical) for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided in Appendix . A suffix &quot;A&quot; is used with the version of all models described in this report to differentiate them from previous models.
              """
            #metaKeywords: null
            #metaDescription: null
            #shortDescription: "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies"
            -notes: "Superseded"
          }
        ]
        #currentLocale: "en_US"
        #currentTranslation: null
        #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
        #variantSelectionMethod: "match"
        #productTaxons: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7533 …}
        #channels: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7627 …}
        #mainTaxon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxonomy\Taxon {#7311 …}
        #reviews: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7612 …}
        #averageRating: 0.0
        #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7644 …}
        -supplier: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Supplier\Supplier {#7325 …}
        -subscriptionCollections: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7389 …}
        -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1754517600 {#7317
          date: 2025-08-07 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -lastUpdatedAt: DateTime @1578006000 {#7292
          date: 2020-01-03 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -author: ""
        -publishedAt: DateTime @713397600 {#7318
          date: 1992-08-10 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -releasedAt: null
        -confirmedAt: null
        -canceledAt: null
        -edition: null
        -coreDocument: "421.5"
        -bookCollection: ""
        -pageCount: 56
        -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7464 …}
        -favorites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7499 …}
      }
      #optionValues: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8315 …}
      #position: 0
      #createdAt: DateTime @1751041118 {#7283
        date: 2025-06-27 18:18:38.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #updatedAt: DateTime @1755611955 {#8116
        date: 2025-08-19 15:59:15.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #enabled: true
      #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8259 …}
      #translationsCache: [
        "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductVariantTranslation {#93321
          #locale: "en_US"
          #translatable: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8099}
          #id: 2357
          #name: null
          -shortDescription: null
          -description: null
          -notes: null
          -shippingInformation: "Instant download"
        }
      ]
      #currentLocale: "en_US"
      #currentTranslation: null
      #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
      #version: 9
      #onHold: 0
      #onHand: 0
      #tracked: false
      #weight: 0.0
      #width: null
      #height: null
      #depth: null
      #taxCategory: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxation\TaxCategory {#8131 …}
      #shippingCategory: null
      #channelPricings: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8293 …}
      #shippingRequired: true
      #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8290 …}
      -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1753740000 {#8098
        date: 2025-07-29 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      -publishedAt: null
      -isbn: "978-0-7381-1093-6"
      -ean: "9780738110936"
      -numberOfUsers: 1
      -physicalProduct: false
      -downloadableImmediately: true
      -downloadable: true
      -drmViewerUrl: "https://online-viewer.normadoc.com/d7PCmd"
      -sellable: true
      -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8127 …}
      -drmTokens: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8119 …}
      -enabledForSubscribers: true
      -currentAreaContext: null
    }
    #productName: null
    #variantName: null
  }
}
data_class
"Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Controller\AddToCartCommand"
disabled
false
empty_data
Closure(FormInterface $form) {#113824
  class: "Symfony\Component\Form\Extension\Core\Type\FormType"
  use: {
    $class: "Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Controller\AddToCartCommand"
  }
}
error_bubbling
true
error_mapping
[]
extra_fields_message
"This form should not contain extra fields."
form_attr
false
getter
null
help
null
help_attr
[]
help_html
false
help_translation_parameters
[]
inherit_data
false
invalid_message
"This value is not valid."
invalid_message_parameters
[]
is_empty_callback
null
label
null
label_attr
[]
label_format
null
label_html
false
label_translation_parameters
[]
mapped
true
method
"POST"
post_max_size_message
"The uploaded file was too large. Please try to upload a smaller file."
priority
0
product
App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310
  #id: 8545
  #code: "IEEE00000642"
  #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7700 …}
  #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7743 …}
  #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7915
    #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7917 …}
    #initialized: true
    -snapshot: [ …4]
    -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
    -association: [ …21]
    -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
    -backRefFieldName: null
    -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#215176 …}
    -isDirty: false
  }
  #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7899 …}
  #createdAt: DateTime @1751037507 {#7274
    date: 2025-06-27 17:18:27.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  #updatedAt: DateTime @1754606304 {#7322
    date: 2025-08-08 00:38:24.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  #enabled: true
  #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7921 …}
  #translationsCache: [
    "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7920
      #locale: "en_US"
      #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
      #id: 29189
      #name: "IEEE 421.5:1992"
      #slug: "ieee-421-5-1992-ieee00000642-240197"
      #description: """
        New IEEE Standard - Superseded.<br />\n
        Superseded by IEEE Std 421.5-2005. Excitation system models suitable for use in large scale system stability studies are presented. With these models, most of the excitation systems currently in widespread use on large, system-connected synchronous machines in North America can be represented. They include updates of models published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems in 1981 as well as models for additional control features such as discontinuous excitation controls.<br />\n
        \t\t\t\t<br />\n
        When the behavior of synchronous machines is to be simulated accurately in power system stability studies, it is essential that the excitation systems of the synchronous machines be modeled in sufficient detail, see [12]. The desired models must be suitable for representing the actual excitation equipment performance for large, severe disturbances as well as for small perturbations. A 1968 IEEE Committee Report (see [6]) provided initial excitation system reference models. It established a common nomenclature, presented mathematical models for excitation systems then in common use, and defined parameters for those models. A 1981 report (see [7]) extended that work. It provided models for newer types of excitation equipment not covered previously as well as improved models for older equipment. This document, based heavily on the 1981 report, is intended to again update the models, provide models for additional control of features, and formalize those models in a recommended practice. To some extent, the model structures presented in this document are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the control loops on any particular system. In some cases, the model used may represent a substantial reduction, resulting in large differences between the structure of the model and the physical system. The excitation system models themselves do not allow for regulator modulation as a function of system frequency, an inherent characteristic of some older excitation systems. The models are valid for frequency deviations of ±5% from rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to about 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and control functions that may come into play in long term dynamic performance studies are not represented. A sample set of data (not necessarily typical) for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided in Appendix . A suffix &quot;A&quot; is used with the version of all models described in this report to differentiate them from previous models.
        """
      #metaKeywords: null
      #metaDescription: null
      #shortDescription: "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies"
      -notes: "Superseded"
    }
  ]
  #currentLocale: "en_US"
  #currentTranslation: null
  #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
  #variantSelectionMethod: "match"
  #productTaxons: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7533 …}
  #channels: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7627 …}
  #mainTaxon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxonomy\Taxon {#7311 …}
  #reviews: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7612 …}
  #averageRating: 0.0
  #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7644 …}
  -supplier: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Supplier\Supplier {#7325 …}
  -subscriptionCollections: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7389 …}
  -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1754517600 {#7317
    date: 2025-08-07 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  -lastUpdatedAt: DateTime @1578006000 {#7292
    date: 2020-01-03 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
  }
  -author: ""
  -publishedAt: DateTime @713397600 {#7318
    date: 1992-08-10 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  -releasedAt: null
  -confirmedAt: null
  -canceledAt: null
  -edition: null
  -coreDocument: "421.5"
  -bookCollection: ""
  -pageCount: 56
  -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7464 …}
  -favorites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7499 …}
}
property_path
null
required
true
row_attr
[]
setter
null
translation_domain
null
trim
true
upload_max_size_message
Closure() {#113826
  class: "Symfony\Component\Form\Extension\Validator\Type\UploadValidatorExtension"
  use: {
    $translator: Symfony\Component\Translation\DataCollectorTranslator {#2251 …}
    $message: Closure() {#113825 …}
    $translationDomain: "validators"
  }
}
validation_groups
[
  "sylius"
]

View Vars

Variable Value
action
""
attr
[]
attr_translation_parameters
[]
block_prefixes
[
  "form"
  "sylius_add_to_cart"
  "_sylius_add_to_cart"
]
cache_key
"_sylius_add_to_cart_sylius_add_to_cart"
compound
true
data
Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Controller\AddToCartCommand {#113777
  -cart: App\Entity\Order\Order {#13330 …}
  -cartItem: App\Entity\Order\OrderItem {#113765
    #id: null
    #order: null
    #quantity: 1
    #unitPrice: 0
    #originalUnitPrice: 0
    #total: 0
    #immutable: false
    #units: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#113789 …}
    #unitsTotal: 0
    #adjustments: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#113790 …}
    #adjustmentsTotal: 0
    #version: 1
    #variant: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8099
      #id: 2339
      #code: "IEEE00000642PDF"
      #product: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310
        #id: 8545
        #code: "IEEE00000642"
        #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7700 …}
        #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7743 …}
        #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7915
          #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7917 …}
          #initialized: true
          -snapshot: [ …4]
          -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
          -association: [ …21]
          -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
          -backRefFieldName: null
          -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#215176 …}
          -isDirty: false
        }
        #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7899 …}
        #createdAt: DateTime @1751037507 {#7274
          date: 2025-06-27 17:18:27.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #updatedAt: DateTime @1754606304 {#7322
          date: 2025-08-08 00:38:24.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #enabled: true
        #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7921 …}
        #translationsCache: [
          "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7920
            #locale: "en_US"
            #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
            #id: 29189
            #name: "IEEE 421.5:1992"
            #slug: "ieee-421-5-1992-ieee00000642-240197"
            #description: """
              New IEEE Standard - Superseded.<br />\n
              Superseded by IEEE Std 421.5-2005. Excitation system models suitable for use in large scale system stability studies are presented. With these models, most of the excitation systems currently in widespread use on large, system-connected synchronous machines in North America can be represented. They include updates of models published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems in 1981 as well as models for additional control features such as discontinuous excitation controls.<br />\n
              \t\t\t\t<br />\n
              When the behavior of synchronous machines is to be simulated accurately in power system stability studies, it is essential that the excitation systems of the synchronous machines be modeled in sufficient detail, see [12]. The desired models must be suitable for representing the actual excitation equipment performance for large, severe disturbances as well as for small perturbations. A 1968 IEEE Committee Report (see [6]) provided initial excitation system reference models. It established a common nomenclature, presented mathematical models for excitation systems then in common use, and defined parameters for those models. A 1981 report (see [7]) extended that work. It provided models for newer types of excitation equipment not covered previously as well as improved models for older equipment. This document, based heavily on the 1981 report, is intended to again update the models, provide models for additional control of features, and formalize those models in a recommended practice. To some extent, the model structures presented in this document are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the control loops on any particular system. In some cases, the model used may represent a substantial reduction, resulting in large differences between the structure of the model and the physical system. The excitation system models themselves do not allow for regulator modulation as a function of system frequency, an inherent characteristic of some older excitation systems. The models are valid for frequency deviations of ±5% from rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to about 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and control functions that may come into play in long term dynamic performance studies are not represented. A sample set of data (not necessarily typical) for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided in Appendix . A suffix &quot;A&quot; is used with the version of all models described in this report to differentiate them from previous models.
              """
            #metaKeywords: null
            #metaDescription: null
            #shortDescription: "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies"
            -notes: "Superseded"
          }
        ]
        #currentLocale: "en_US"
        #currentTranslation: null
        #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
        #variantSelectionMethod: "match"
        #productTaxons: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7533 …}
        #channels: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7627 …}
        #mainTaxon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxonomy\Taxon {#7311 …}
        #reviews: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7612 …}
        #averageRating: 0.0
        #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7644 …}
        -supplier: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Supplier\Supplier {#7325 …}
        -subscriptionCollections: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7389 …}
        -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1754517600 {#7317
          date: 2025-08-07 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -lastUpdatedAt: DateTime @1578006000 {#7292
          date: 2020-01-03 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -author: ""
        -publishedAt: DateTime @713397600 {#7318
          date: 1992-08-10 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -releasedAt: null
        -confirmedAt: null
        -canceledAt: null
        -edition: null
        -coreDocument: "421.5"
        -bookCollection: ""
        -pageCount: 56
        -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7464 …}
        -favorites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7499 …}
      }
      #optionValues: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8315 …}
      #position: 0
      #createdAt: DateTime @1751041118 {#7283
        date: 2025-06-27 18:18:38.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #updatedAt: DateTime @1755611955 {#8116
        date: 2025-08-19 15:59:15.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #enabled: true
      #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8259 …}
      #translationsCache: [
        "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductVariantTranslation {#93321
          #locale: "en_US"
          #translatable: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8099}
          #id: 2357
          #name: null
          -shortDescription: null
          -description: null
          -notes: null
          -shippingInformation: "Instant download"
        }
      ]
      #currentLocale: "en_US"
      #currentTranslation: null
      #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
      #version: 9
      #onHold: 0
      #onHand: 0
      #tracked: false
      #weight: 0.0
      #width: null
      #height: null
      #depth: null
      #taxCategory: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxation\TaxCategory {#8131 …}
      #shippingCategory: null
      #channelPricings: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8293 …}
      #shippingRequired: true
      #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8290 …}
      -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1753740000 {#8098
        date: 2025-07-29 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      -publishedAt: null
      -isbn: "978-0-7381-1093-6"
      -ean: "9780738110936"
      -numberOfUsers: 1
      -physicalProduct: false
      -downloadableImmediately: true
      -downloadable: true
      -drmViewerUrl: "https://online-viewer.normadoc.com/d7PCmd"
      -sellable: true
      -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8127 …}
      -drmTokens: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8119 …}
      -enabledForSubscribers: true
      -currentAreaContext: null
    }
    #productName: null
    #variantName: null
  }
}
disabled
false
errors
Symfony\Component\Form\FormErrorIterator {#113851
  -form: Symfony\Component\Form\Form {#113856 …}
  -errors: []
}
form
Symfony\Component\Form\FormView {#113827 …5}
full_name
"sylius_add_to_cart"
help
null
help_attr
[]
help_html
false
help_translation_parameters
[]
id
"sylius_add_to_cart"
label
null
label_attr
[]
label_format
null
label_html
false
label_translation_parameters
[]
method
"POST"
multipart
false
name
"sylius_add_to_cart"
priority
0
required
true
row_attr
[]
submitted
false
translation_domain
null
unique_block_prefix
"_sylius_add_to_cart"
valid
true
value
Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Controller\AddToCartCommand {#113777
  -cart: App\Entity\Order\Order {#13330 …}
  -cartItem: App\Entity\Order\OrderItem {#113765
    #id: null
    #order: null
    #quantity: 1
    #unitPrice: 0
    #originalUnitPrice: 0
    #total: 0
    #immutable: false
    #units: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#113789 …}
    #unitsTotal: 0
    #adjustments: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#113790 …}
    #adjustmentsTotal: 0
    #version: 1
    #variant: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8099
      #id: 2339
      #code: "IEEE00000642PDF"
      #product: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310
        #id: 8545
        #code: "IEEE00000642"
        #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7700 …}
        #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7743 …}
        #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7915
          #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7917 …}
          #initialized: true
          -snapshot: [ …4]
          -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
          -association: [ …21]
          -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
          -backRefFieldName: null
          -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#215176 …}
          -isDirty: false
        }
        #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7899 …}
        #createdAt: DateTime @1751037507 {#7274
          date: 2025-06-27 17:18:27.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #updatedAt: DateTime @1754606304 {#7322
          date: 2025-08-08 00:38:24.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #enabled: true
        #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7921 …}
        #translationsCache: [
          "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7920
            #locale: "en_US"
            #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7310}
            #id: 29189
            #name: "IEEE 421.5:1992"
            #slug: "ieee-421-5-1992-ieee00000642-240197"
            #description: """
              New IEEE Standard - Superseded.<br />\n
              Superseded by IEEE Std 421.5-2005. Excitation system models suitable for use in large scale system stability studies are presented. With these models, most of the excitation systems currently in widespread use on large, system-connected synchronous machines in North America can be represented. They include updates of models published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems in 1981 as well as models for additional control features such as discontinuous excitation controls.<br />\n
              \t\t\t\t<br />\n
              When the behavior of synchronous machines is to be simulated accurately in power system stability studies, it is essential that the excitation systems of the synchronous machines be modeled in sufficient detail, see [12]. The desired models must be suitable for representing the actual excitation equipment performance for large, severe disturbances as well as for small perturbations. A 1968 IEEE Committee Report (see [6]) provided initial excitation system reference models. It established a common nomenclature, presented mathematical models for excitation systems then in common use, and defined parameters for those models. A 1981 report (see [7]) extended that work. It provided models for newer types of excitation equipment not covered previously as well as improved models for older equipment. This document, based heavily on the 1981 report, is intended to again update the models, provide models for additional control of features, and formalize those models in a recommended practice. To some extent, the model structures presented in this document are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the control loops on any particular system. In some cases, the model used may represent a substantial reduction, resulting in large differences between the structure of the model and the physical system. The excitation system models themselves do not allow for regulator modulation as a function of system frequency, an inherent characteristic of some older excitation systems. The models are valid for frequency deviations of ±5% from rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to about 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and control functions that may come into play in long term dynamic performance studies are not represented. A sample set of data (not necessarily typical) for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided in Appendix . A suffix &quot;A&quot; is used with the version of all models described in this report to differentiate them from previous models.
              """
            #metaKeywords: null
            #metaDescription: null
            #shortDescription: "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies"
            -notes: "Superseded"
          }
        ]
        #currentLocale: "en_US"
        #currentTranslation: null
        #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
        #variantSelectionMethod: "match"
        #productTaxons: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7533 …}
        #channels: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7627 …}
        #mainTaxon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxonomy\Taxon {#7311 …}
        #reviews: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7612 …}
        #averageRating: 0.0
        #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7644 …}
        -supplier: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Supplier\Supplier {#7325 …}
        -subscriptionCollections: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7389 …}
        -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1754517600 {#7317
          date: 2025-08-07 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -lastUpdatedAt: DateTime @1578006000 {#7292
          date: 2020-01-03 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -author: ""
        -publishedAt: DateTime @713397600 {#7318
          date: 1992-08-10 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -releasedAt: null
        -confirmedAt: null
        -canceledAt: null
        -edition: null
        -coreDocument: "421.5"
        -bookCollection: ""
        -pageCount: 56
        -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7464 …}
        -favorites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7499 …}
      }
      #optionValues: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8315 …}
      #position: 0
      #createdAt: DateTime @1751041118 {#7283
        date: 2025-06-27 18:18:38.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #updatedAt: DateTime @1755611955 {#8116
        date: 2025-08-19 15:59:15.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #enabled: true
      #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8259 …}
      #translationsCache: [
        "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductVariantTranslation {#93321
          #locale: "en_US"
          #translatable: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8099}
          #id: 2357
          #name: null
          -shortDescription: null
          -description: null
          -notes: null
          -shippingInformation: "Instant download"
        }
      ]
      #currentLocale: "en_US"
      #currentTranslation: null
      #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
      #version: 9
      #onHold: 0
      #onHand: 0
      #tracked: false
      #weight: 0.0
      #width: null
      #height: null
      #depth: null
      #taxCategory: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxation\TaxCategory {#8131 …}
      #shippingCategory: null
      #channelPricings: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8293 …}
      #shippingRequired: true
      #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8290 …}
      -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1753740000 {#8098
        date: 2025-07-29 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      -publishedAt: null
      -isbn: "978-0-7381-1093-6"
      -ean: "9780738110936"
      -numberOfUsers: 1
      -physicalProduct: false
      -downloadableImmediately: true
      -downloadable: true
      -drmViewerUrl: "https://online-viewer.normadoc.com/d7PCmd"
      -sellable: true
      -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8127 …}
      -drmTokens: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8119 …}
      -enabledForSubscribers: true
      -currentAreaContext: null
    }
    #productName: null
    #variantName: null
  }
}