GET https://dev.normadoc.fr/products/ieee-1158-1991-r1996-ieee00001759-240814

Forms

  • sylius_add_to_cart
    • cartItem
    • _token

sylius_add_to_cart

Form type:
"Sylius\Bundle\CoreBundle\Form\Type\Order\AddToCartType"

Errors

This form has no errors.

Default Data

Property Value
Model Format same as normalized format
Normalized Format
Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Controller\AddToCartCommand {#106762
  -cart: App\Entity\Order\Order {#13332 …}
  -cartItem: App\Entity\Order\OrderItem {#106750
    #id: null
    #order: null
    #quantity: 1
    #unitPrice: 0
    #originalUnitPrice: 0
    #total: 0
    #immutable: false
    #units: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#106775 …}
    #unitsTotal: 0
    #adjustments: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#106774 …}
    #adjustmentsTotal: 0
    #version: 1
    #variant: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8101
      #id: 3015
      #code: "IEEE00001759PDF"
      #product: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309
        #id: 9162
        #code: "IEEE00001759"
        #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7702 …}
        #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7745 …}
        #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7917
          #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7919 …}
          #initialized: true
          -snapshot: [ …4]
          -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309}
          -association: [ …21]
          -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
          -backRefFieldName: null
          -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#245543 …}
          -isDirty: false
        }
        #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7901 …}
        #createdAt: DateTime @1751038024 {#7274
          date: 2025-06-27 17:27:04.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #updatedAt: DateTime @1754607004 {#7322
          date: 2025-08-08 00:50:04.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #enabled: true
        #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7923 …}
        #translationsCache: [
          "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7922
            #locale: "en_US"
            #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309}
            #id: 31657
            #name: "IEEE 1158:1991 (R1996)"
            #slug: "ieee-1158-1991-r1996-ieee00001759-240814"
            #description: """
              New IEEE Standard - Inactive-Withdrawn.<br />\n
              Withdrawn Standard. Withdrawn Date: Jan 10, 2002. No longer endorsed by the IEEE. A set of standard procedures for determining and verifying the total losses of a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) converter station is recommended. The procedures are applicable to all parts of the converter station and cover standby, partial load, and full load losses and methods of calculation and measurement. All line commutated converter stations used for power exchange in utility systems are covered. Loss determination procedures for synchronous compensators or static var compensators are not included.<br />\n
              \t\t\t\t<br />\n
              It is the purpose of this document to recommend a set of standard procedures for determining and verifying the total losses of a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) converter station. The procedures are applicable to all parts of the converter station and cover standby, partial-load, and full-load losses and methods of calculation and measurement. HVDC converter stations consist of a number of different pieces of equipment, as shown in Fig 1. The loss mechanisms vary among various pieces of equipment, and it is the consensus of the industry that the total losses cannot readily be determined by either factory or field testing alone. When in operation at rated conditions, these stations develop losses typically in the range of 0.005 to 0.01 per unit of the converter station rating for each conversion. Therefore, it has become an accepted practice to establish the losses of the total HVDC converter station by adding the losses from each piece of equipment as derived from component tests and calculations, as applicable. Due to the complexity of the overall converter station and to the nonlinear voltage and current waveforms encountered in its operation, different methods have been used for establishing total station losses, sometimes giving differing results. The recommendations contained in this standard apply to all line-commutated converter stations used for power exchange in utility systems. In some applications, synchronous compensators or static var compensators (SVC) may be connected to the ac bus of the HVDC converter station. However, loss determination procedures for such equipment are not included in this document.
              """
            #metaKeywords: null
            #metaDescription: null
            #shortDescription: "IEEE Recommended Practice for Determination of Power Losses in High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) Converter Stations"
            -notes: "Inactive-Withdrawn"
          }
        ]
        #currentLocale: "en_US"
        #currentTranslation: null
        #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
        #variantSelectionMethod: "match"
        #productTaxons: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7535 …}
        #channels: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7629 …}
        #mainTaxon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxonomy\Taxon {#7308 …}
        #reviews: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7614 …}
        #averageRating: 0.0
        #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7646 …}
        -supplier: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Supplier\Supplier {#7422 …}
        -subscriptionCollections: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7420 …}
        -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1754517600 {#7317
          date: 2025-08-07 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -lastUpdatedAt: DateTime @1578006000 {#7292
          date: 2020-01-03 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -author: ""
        -publishedAt: DateTime @699058800 {#7318
          date: 1992-02-26 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -releasedAt: null
        -confirmedAt: DateTime @835221600 {#7316
          date: 1996-06-20 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -canceledAt: DateTime @1010617200 {#7315
          date: 2002-01-10 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -edition: null
        -coreDocument: "1158"
        -bookCollection: ""
        -pageCount: 53
        -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7466 …}
        -favorites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7501 …}
      }
      #optionValues: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8317 …}
      #position: 0
      #createdAt: DateTime @1751041140 {#7283
        date: 2025-06-27 18:19:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #updatedAt: DateTime @1753798859 {#8118
        date: 2025-07-29 16:20:59.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #enabled: true
      #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8261 …}
      #translationsCache: [
        "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductVariantTranslation {#93335
          #locale: "en_US"
          #translatable: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8101}
          #id: 3033
          #name: null
          -shortDescription: null
          -description: null
          -notes: null
          -shippingInformation: "Instant download"
        }
      ]
      #currentLocale: "en_US"
      #currentTranslation: null
      #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
      #version: 5
      #onHold: 0
      #onHand: 0
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      #weight: 0.0
      #width: null
      #height: null
      #depth: null
      #taxCategory: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxation\TaxCategory {#8133 …}
      #shippingCategory: null
      #channelPricings: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8295 …}
      #shippingRequired: true
      #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8292 …}
      -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1753740000 {#8100
        date: 2025-07-29 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      -publishedAt: null
      -isbn: "978-0-7381-3147-4"
      -ean: "9780738131474"
      -numberOfUsers: 1
      -physicalProduct: false
      -downloadableImmediately: true
      -downloadable: true
      -drmViewerUrl: "https://online-viewer.normadoc.com/AxZ63R"
      -sellable: true
      -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8129 …}
      -drmTokens: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8121 …}
      -enabledForSubscribers: true
      -currentAreaContext: null
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    #productName: null
    #variantName: null
  }
}
View Format same as normalized format

Submitted Data

This form was not submitted.

Passed Options

Option Passed Value Resolved Value
data
Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Controller\AddToCartCommand {#106762
  -cart: App\Entity\Order\Order {#13332 …}
  -cartItem: App\Entity\Order\OrderItem {#106750
    #id: null
    #order: null
    #quantity: 1
    #unitPrice: 0
    #originalUnitPrice: 0
    #total: 0
    #immutable: false
    #units: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#106775 …}
    #unitsTotal: 0
    #adjustments: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#106774 …}
    #adjustmentsTotal: 0
    #version: 1
    #variant: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8101
      #id: 3015
      #code: "IEEE00001759PDF"
      #product: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309
        #id: 9162
        #code: "IEEE00001759"
        #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7702 …}
        #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7745 …}
        #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7917
          #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7919 …}
          #initialized: true
          -snapshot: [ …4]
          -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309}
          -association: [ …21]
          -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
          -backRefFieldName: null
          -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#245543 …}
          -isDirty: false
        }
        #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7901 …}
        #createdAt: DateTime @1751038024 {#7274
          date: 2025-06-27 17:27:04.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #updatedAt: DateTime @1754607004 {#7322
          date: 2025-08-08 00:50:04.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #enabled: true
        #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7923 …}
        #translationsCache: [
          "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7922
            #locale: "en_US"
            #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309}
            #id: 31657
            #name: "IEEE 1158:1991 (R1996)"
            #slug: "ieee-1158-1991-r1996-ieee00001759-240814"
            #description: """
              New IEEE Standard - Inactive-Withdrawn.<br />\n
              Withdrawn Standard. Withdrawn Date: Jan 10, 2002. No longer endorsed by the IEEE. A set of standard procedures for determining and verifying the total losses of a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) converter station is recommended. The procedures are applicable to all parts of the converter station and cover standby, partial load, and full load losses and methods of calculation and measurement. All line commutated converter stations used for power exchange in utility systems are covered. Loss determination procedures for synchronous compensators or static var compensators are not included.<br />\n
              \t\t\t\t<br />\n
              It is the purpose of this document to recommend a set of standard procedures for determining and verifying the total losses of a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) converter station. The procedures are applicable to all parts of the converter station and cover standby, partial-load, and full-load losses and methods of calculation and measurement. HVDC converter stations consist of a number of different pieces of equipment, as shown in Fig 1. The loss mechanisms vary among various pieces of equipment, and it is the consensus of the industry that the total losses cannot readily be determined by either factory or field testing alone. When in operation at rated conditions, these stations develop losses typically in the range of 0.005 to 0.01 per unit of the converter station rating for each conversion. Therefore, it has become an accepted practice to establish the losses of the total HVDC converter station by adding the losses from each piece of equipment as derived from component tests and calculations, as applicable. Due to the complexity of the overall converter station and to the nonlinear voltage and current waveforms encountered in its operation, different methods have been used for establishing total station losses, sometimes giving differing results. The recommendations contained in this standard apply to all line-commutated converter stations used for power exchange in utility systems. In some applications, synchronous compensators or static var compensators (SVC) may be connected to the ac bus of the HVDC converter station. However, loss determination procedures for such equipment are not included in this document.
              """
            #metaKeywords: null
            #metaDescription: null
            #shortDescription: "IEEE Recommended Practice for Determination of Power Losses in High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) Converter Stations"
            -notes: "Inactive-Withdrawn"
          }
        ]
        #currentLocale: "en_US"
        #currentTranslation: null
        #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
        #variantSelectionMethod: "match"
        #productTaxons: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7535 …}
        #channels: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7629 …}
        #mainTaxon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxonomy\Taxon {#7308 …}
        #reviews: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7614 …}
        #averageRating: 0.0
        #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7646 …}
        -supplier: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Supplier\Supplier {#7422 …}
        -subscriptionCollections: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7420 …}
        -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1754517600 {#7317
          date: 2025-08-07 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -lastUpdatedAt: DateTime @1578006000 {#7292
          date: 2020-01-03 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -author: ""
        -publishedAt: DateTime @699058800 {#7318
          date: 1992-02-26 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -releasedAt: null
        -confirmedAt: DateTime @835221600 {#7316
          date: 1996-06-20 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        -canceledAt: DateTime @1010617200 {#7315
          date: 2002-01-10 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
        }
        -edition: null
        -coreDocument: "1158"
        -bookCollection: ""
        -pageCount: 53
        -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7466 …}
        -favorites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7501 …}
      }
      #optionValues: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8317 …}
      #position: 0
      #createdAt: DateTime @1751041140 {#7283
        date: 2025-06-27 18:19:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #updatedAt: DateTime @1753798859 {#8118
        date: 2025-07-29 16:20:59.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      #enabled: true
      #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8261 …}
      #translationsCache: [
        "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductVariantTranslation {#93335
          #locale: "en_US"
          #translatable: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8101}
          #id: 3033
          #name: null
          -shortDescription: null
          -description: null
          -notes: null
          -shippingInformation: "Instant download"
        }
      ]
      #currentLocale: "en_US"
      #currentTranslation: null
      #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
      #version: 5
      #onHold: 0
      #onHand: 0
      #tracked: false
      #weight: 0.0
      #width: null
      #height: null
      #depth: null
      #taxCategory: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxation\TaxCategory {#8133 …}
      #shippingCategory: null
      #channelPricings: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8295 …}
      #shippingRequired: true
      #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8292 …}
      -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1753740000 {#8100
        date: 2025-07-29 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
      }
      -publishedAt: null
      -isbn: "978-0-7381-3147-4"
      -ean: "9780738131474"
      -numberOfUsers: 1
      -physicalProduct: false
      -downloadableImmediately: true
      -downloadable: true
      -drmViewerUrl: "https://online-viewer.normadoc.com/AxZ63R"
      -sellable: true
      -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8129 …}
      -drmTokens: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#8121 …}
      -enabledForSubscribers: true
      -currentAreaContext: null
    }
    #productName: null
    #variantName: null
  }
}
same as passed value
product
App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309
  #id: 9162
  #code: "IEEE00001759"
  #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7702 …}
  #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7745 …}
  #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7917
    #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7919 …}
    #initialized: true
    -snapshot: [ …4]
    -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309}
    -association: [ …21]
    -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
    -backRefFieldName: null
    -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#245543 …}
    -isDirty: false
  }
  #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7901 …}
  #createdAt: DateTime @1751038024 {#7274
    date: 2025-06-27 17:27:04.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  #updatedAt: DateTime @1754607004 {#7322
    date: 2025-08-08 00:50:04.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  #enabled: true
  #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7923 …}
  #translationsCache: [
    "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7922
      #locale: "en_US"
      #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309}
      #id: 31657
      #name: "IEEE 1158:1991 (R1996)"
      #slug: "ieee-1158-1991-r1996-ieee00001759-240814"
      #description: """
        New IEEE Standard - Inactive-Withdrawn.<br />\n
        Withdrawn Standard. Withdrawn Date: Jan 10, 2002. No longer endorsed by the IEEE. A set of standard procedures for determining and verifying the total losses of a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) converter station is recommended. The procedures are applicable to all parts of the converter station and cover standby, partial load, and full load losses and methods of calculation and measurement. All line commutated converter stations used for power exchange in utility systems are covered. Loss determination procedures for synchronous compensators or static var compensators are not included.<br />\n
        \t\t\t\t<br />\n
        It is the purpose of this document to recommend a set of standard procedures for determining and verifying the total losses of a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) converter station. The procedures are applicable to all parts of the converter station and cover standby, partial-load, and full-load losses and methods of calculation and measurement. HVDC converter stations consist of a number of different pieces of equipment, as shown in Fig 1. The loss mechanisms vary among various pieces of equipment, and it is the consensus of the industry that the total losses cannot readily be determined by either factory or field testing alone. When in operation at rated conditions, these stations develop losses typically in the range of 0.005 to 0.01 per unit of the converter station rating for each conversion. Therefore, it has become an accepted practice to establish the losses of the total HVDC converter station by adding the losses from each piece of equipment as derived from component tests and calculations, as applicable. Due to the complexity of the overall converter station and to the nonlinear voltage and current waveforms encountered in its operation, different methods have been used for establishing total station losses, sometimes giving differing results. The recommendations contained in this standard apply to all line-commutated converter stations used for power exchange in utility systems. In some applications, synchronous compensators or static var compensators (SVC) may be connected to the ac bus of the HVDC converter station. However, loss determination procedures for such equipment are not included in this document.
        """
      #metaKeywords: null
      #metaDescription: null
      #shortDescription: "IEEE Recommended Practice for Determination of Power Losses in High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) Converter Stations"
      -notes: "Inactive-Withdrawn"
    }
  ]
  #currentLocale: "en_US"
  #currentTranslation: null
  #fallbackLocale: "en_US"
  #variantSelectionMethod: "match"
  #productTaxons: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7535 …}
  #channels: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7629 …}
  #mainTaxon: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Taxonomy\Taxon {#7308 …}
  #reviews: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7614 …}
  #averageRating: 0.0
  #images: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7646 …}
  -supplier: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\Supplier\Supplier {#7422 …}
  -subscriptionCollections: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7420 …}
  -apiLastModifiedAt: DateTime @1754517600 {#7317
    date: 2025-08-07 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  -lastUpdatedAt: DateTime @1578006000 {#7292
    date: 2020-01-03 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
  }
  -author: ""
  -publishedAt: DateTime @699058800 {#7318
    date: 1992-02-26 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
  }
  -releasedAt: null
  -confirmedAt: DateTime @835221600 {#7316
    date: 1996-06-20 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
  }
  -canceledAt: DateTime @1010617200 {#7315
    date: 2002-01-10 00:00:00.0 Europe/Paris (+01:00)
  }
  -edition: null
  -coreDocument: "1158"
  -bookCollection: ""
  -pageCount: 53
  -documents: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7466 …}
  -favorites: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7501 …}
}
same as passed value

Resolved Options

Option Value
action
""
allow_extra_fields
false
allow_file_upload
false
attr
[]
attr_translation_parameters
[]
auto_initialize
true
block_name
null
block_prefix
null
by_reference
true
compound
true
constraints
[]
csrf_field_name
"_token"
csrf_message
"The CSRF token is invalid. Please try to resubmit the form."
csrf_protection
true
csrf_token_id
null
csrf_token_manager
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\CsrfTokenManager {#106782
  -generator: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenGenerator\UriSafeTokenGenerator {#106783 …}
  -storage: Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage {#106784 …}
  -namespace: Closure() {#106786 …}
}
data
Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Controller\AddToCartCommand {#106762
  -cart: App\Entity\Order\Order {#13332 …}
  -cartItem: App\Entity\Order\OrderItem {#106750
    #id: null
    #order: null
    #quantity: 1
    #unitPrice: 0
    #originalUnitPrice: 0
    #total: 0
    #immutable: false
    #units: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#106775 …}
    #unitsTotal: 0
    #adjustments: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#106774 …}
    #adjustmentsTotal: 0
    #version: 1
    #variant: App\Entity\Product\ProductVariant {#8101
      #id: 3015
      #code: "IEEE00001759PDF"
      #product: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309
        #id: 9162
        #code: "IEEE00001759"
        #attributes: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7702 …}
        #variants: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7745 …}
        #options: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7917
          #collection: Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection {#7919 …}
          #initialized: true
          -snapshot: [ …4]
          -owner: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309}
          -association: [ …21]
          -em: ContainerHAOxQ06\EntityManagerGhostEbeb667 {#775 …}
          -backRefFieldName: null
          -typeClass: Symfony\Component\VarDumper\Caster\CutStub {#245543 …}
          -isDirty: false
        }
        #associations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7901 …}
        #createdAt: DateTime @1751038024 {#7274
          date: 2025-06-27 17:27:04.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #updatedAt: DateTime @1754607004 {#7322
          date: 2025-08-08 00:50:04.0 Europe/Paris (+02:00)
        }
        #enabled: true
        #translations: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#7923 …}
        #translationsCache: [
          "en_US" => App\Entity\Product\ProductTranslation {#7922
            #locale: "en_US"
            #translatable: App\Entity\Product\Product {#7309}
            #id: 31657
            #name: "IEEE 1158:1991 (R1996)"
            #slug: "ieee-1158-1991-r1996-ieee00001759-240814"
            #description: """
              New IEEE Standard - Inactive-Withdrawn.<br />\n
              Withdrawn Standard. Withdrawn Date: Jan 10, 2002. No longer endorsed by the IEEE. A set of standard procedures for determining and verifying the total losses of a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) converter station is recommended. The procedures are applicable to all parts of the converter station and cover standby, partial load, and full load losses and methods of calculation and measurement. All line commutated converter stations used for power exchange in utility systems are covered. Loss determination procedures for synchronous compensators or static var compensators are not included.<br />\n
              \t\t\t\t<br />\n
              It is the purpose of this document to recommend a set of standard procedures for determining and verifying the total losses of a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) converter station. The procedures are applicable to all parts of the converter station and cover standby, partial-load, and full-load losses and methods of calculation and measurement. HVDC converter stations consist of a number of different pieces of equipment, as shown in Fig 1. The loss mechanisms vary among various pieces of equipment, and it is the consensus of the industry that the total losses cannot readily be determined by either factory or field testing alone. When in operation at rated conditions, these stations develop losses typically in the range of 0.005 to 0.01 per unit of the converter station rating for each conversion. Therefore, it has become an accepted practice to establish the losses of the total HVDC converter station by adding the losses from each piece of equipment as derived from component tests and calculations, as applicable. Due to the complexity of the overall converter station and to the nonlinear voltage and current waveforms encountered in its operation, different methods have been used for establishing total station losses, sometimes giving differing results. The recommendations contained in this standard apply to all line-commutated converter stations used for power exchange in utility systems. In some applications, synchronous compensators or static var compensators (SVC) may be connected to the ac bus of the HVDC converter station. However, loss determination procedures for such equipment are not included in this document.
              """
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